This week on OHIS

This week on the Olive Health Information System website

The newsletter of the University of Navarra and the IOC dedicated to health

The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high consumption of olive oil, fruits, vegetables, fish, and nuts, and has been extensively studied for its numerous health benefits, including its potential to reduce inflammation and prevent chronic diseases. Due to its abundance of plant-based foods, this dietary pattern is notably rich in phenolic compounds which have demonstrated multiple beneficial properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, cancer prevention, and improved gut health. Research has shown that a low intake of these bioactive compounds is associated with increased risk of mortality. This finding is supported by a prospective cohort study involving more than 18,000 participants, which found that individuals with low phenolic compound consumption had a 32% higher risk of all-cause mortality, a 44% higher risk of cancer-related mortality, and a 69% higher risk of death from other causes (excluding cancer and cardiovascular disease).

Additionally, the Mediterranean diet has been shown to have beneficial effects in preserving kidney function. The PREDIMED-Plus trial included nearly 2,000 participants with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (which followed an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet, physical activity promotion, and behavioral support) or a control group (which received general recommendations on the Mediterranean diet). Kidney function was assessed using various urinary parameters at 12 and 36 months. Results indicated that the intervention group experienced a smaller decline in kidney function compared to the control group, suggesting that this comprehensive approach may effectively help preserve kidney function in older adults with overweight and metabolic syndrome.

Other articles mentioned this week in the OHIS newsletter:

Cancer

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.

Cardiovascular diseases

Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome Concerning the Cardiometabolic Risk.

High and Low Adherence to Mediterranean and DASH Diet Patterns and the Risk of Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes: From Pathophysiology to Lifestyle Modifications.

Metformin Treatment With or Without Mediterranean Diet for the Prevention of Age-Related Diseases in People With Metabolic Syndrome: The MeMeMe Randomized Trial.

Frailty and sarcopenia

The Relationship Between a Mediterranean Diet and Frailty in Older Adults: NHANES 2007-2017.

Associations Between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Incident Sarcopenia in Prospective Cohort Studies.

Are Dietary Patterns Relevant for Reducing the Risk of Fractures and Sarcopenia?

Liver disease

Dietary Interventions and Physical Activity as Crucial Factors in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Mental health and neurodegenerative diseases

Lifestyle interventions for dementia risk reduction: A review on the role of physical activity and diet in Western and Asian Countries.

The Association Between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in University Students: The Mediating Role of Lean Mass and the Muscle Strength Index.

Dietary Intake, Mediterranean and Nordic Diet Adherence in Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: A Systematic Review.

Mortality

Effect of dietary phenolic compounds intake on mortality in the “Seguimiento Universidad De Navarra” (SUN) Mediterranean cohort.

Other topics

Nutritional Intervention in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, Correlation with Quality of Life and Disability-A Prospective and Quasi-Experimental Study.

Effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention on cystatin C-based kidney function in adults with overweight and obesity: From the PREDIMED-Plus trial.

Women health

Influence of Dietary Fiber and Polyphenols During Pre-Gestation, Gestation, or Lactation on Intestinal Gene Expression.

The moderating effect of alternate Mediterranean diet on the association between sedentary behavior and insomnia in postmenopausal women.

Association of pregnancy diet with metabolic adverse outcomes in pregnant women and their children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.